No porcine islet loss during density gradient purification in a novel iodixanol in University of Wisconsin solution. First talk on our introduction of the innovative Iodixanol-UWS density gradients for islet purification , showing no islet loss in the difficult model of pig islet isolation — presented at the 6th IPITA congress in Milan (Italy) , Thursday, 25th september 1997 (1).
Background
In 1995 the Leiden Islet Lab had moved into the Surgery Lab in the new LUMC building, and the islet team had grown, focussing on xenotransplantation. With more people isolating pig islets, more convenient islet isolation solutions were tried.
Both Percoll-UWS (2) and Histopaque-UWS (3) were being used from 1992 in first series of islet isolations from juvenile pig pancreases.
August 1995, I started designing the clinical promising islet purification solution of Iodixanal in UW-Solution (UWS). I mixed Optiprep – a 60 % solution of iodixanol in water – with a 2-times concentrated UWS, to prepare this density gradient solution. The first standard operation procedure of this Iodixanol-UWS gradient for our pig islet isolation research was completed November 1995.
This purification solution was a logical follow-up of our highly succesful Percoll-UWS density gradient (2) — a similar solution of impermeants (that do not readily enter cells) with similar osmolarity (close to that of the tissue) , more practical though, and with the important advantage that iodixanol is clinical tested.
July 1996, I introduced the Iodixanol-UWS gradient to replace the Percoll-UWS gradient for large scale pancreatic islet research in this difficult model of islet isolation from juvenile pig pancreases.
The work was presented September 1997. First a poster was presented that month at the Xenotransplantation Congress in Nantes , France (4). Next, two talks followed at the 6th Congress of the International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association (IPITA) in Milan (Italy).
Here the (remastered) slideshow of that first talk at the 6th IPITA Congress in Milan, presented Thursday, 25th september 1997 (1) . The slideshow of the 2nd talk , presented at the last day of that congress, was posted yesterday (5).
Notes
1) Van der Burg MPM, Basir I, Bouwman E. No porcine islet loss during density gradient purification in a novel iodixanol in University of Wisconsin solution. Sixth Congress of the Int. Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association (IPITA), Milan (Italy) Sept. 24–27, 1997.
2) Percoll UWS Purification Pancreatic Islets • ESOT 1991 Talk • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • @1MEMO 20250114 • URL michelvanderburg.com/2025/01/14/
3) Basir I, van der Burg MPM, Scheringa M, Töns A, Bouwman E. Improved outcome of pig islet isolation by Pefabloc inhibition of trypsin. Transplant Proc. 1997 Jun;29(4):1939-41. doi: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00168-1. PMID: 9193462
4) Van der Burg MPM, Basir I, Bouwman E. Non-traumatic porcine islet density gradient purification in a novel iodixanol in University of Wisconsin solution. The 4th Int. Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes (France) Sept. 7–11, 1997. Online in : Purification Islets in Iodixanol-UWS • Leiden Start 1996 • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • @1MEMO 20250126 • URL michelvanderburg.com/2025/01/26/
5) Van der Burg MPM, Basir I, Zwaan RP, Bouwman E. Porcine islet preservation during isolation in University of Wisconsin solution. Sixth Congress of the Int. Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association (IPITA), Milan (Italy) Sept. 24–27, 1997. Online in : Porcine Islet Preservation In UWS • IPITA 97 • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • @1MEMO 20250127• URL michelvanderburg.com/2025/01/27/
Milan Papers • @1MEMO 20250205 • Manuscripts (Preprints) and Abstracts copies of the presentations at the IPITA 1997 meeting in Milan (Italy). PDF downloads at michelvanderburg•com/2025/02/05/
Citation info : Innovative Islet Purification in Iodixanol-UWS • IPITA 97 • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • @1MEMO 20250128 • TakeNode • URL michelvanderburg.com/2025/01/28/
August 1995, I started designing the clinical promising islet purification solution of Iodixanal in UW-Solution (UWS). I mixed Optiprep – a 60 % solution of iodixanol in water – with a 2-times concentrated UWS, to prepare this density gradient solution. The first standard operation procedure of this Iodixanol-UWS gradient for our pig islet isolation research was completed November 1995.
This purification solution was a logical follow-up of our highly succesful Percoll-UWS density gradient — a similar solution of impermeants (that do not readily enter cells) with similar osmolarity (close to that of the tissue) , more practical though, and with the important advantage that iodixanol is clinical tested.
The Leiden Islet Lab had just moved into the Surgery Lab in the new LUMC building, and the islet team had grown, focussing on xenotransplantation. With more people isolating pig islets, more convenient solutions were tried.
Both Percoll-UWS and Histopaque-UWS were being used from 1992 for small scale islet isolations from juvenile pig pancreases.
July 1996, I introduced the Optiprep-UWS gradient to replace our Percoll-UWS gradient for larger scale porcine islet isolations.
The work was first presented September 1997, both in a poster presented at the Xenotransplantation Congress in Nantes , France (1), and later that month in two talks at the 6th Congress of the International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association (IPITA) in Milan (Italy). The slideshow of the first talk (2) will be online at this site soon. Here the remastered slideshow of the 2nd talk at the 6th IPITA Congress in Milan, presented Saturday, 27th September, 1997 (3).
Notes
1) Van der Burg MPM, Basir I, Bouwman E. Non-traumatic porcine islet density gradient purification in a novel iodixanol in University of Wisconsin solution. The 4th Int. Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes (France) Sept. 7–11, 1997. Online in : Purification Islets in Iodixanol-UWS • Leiden Start 1996 • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • @1MEMO 20250126 • URL michelvanderburg.com/2025/01/26/
2) Van der Burg MPM, Basir I, Bouwman E. No porcine islet loss during density gradient purification in a novel iodixanol in University of Wisconsin solution. Sixth Congress of the Int. Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association (IPITA), Milan (Italy) Sept. 24–27, 1997.
3) Van der Burg MPM, Basir I, Zwaan RP, Bouwman E. Porcine islet preservation during isolation in University of Wisconsin solution. Sixth Congress of the Int. Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association (IPITA), Milan (Italy) Sept. 24–27, 1997.
Milan Papers • @1MEMO 20250205 • Manuscripts (Preprints) and Abstracts copies of the presentations at the IPITA 1997 meeting in Milan (Italy). PDF downloads at michelvanderburg•com/2025/02/05/
Update 20250128 – update intro design timeline
Update 20250205 – added Milan papers
Citation info : Porcine Islet Preservation In UWS • IPITA 97 • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • @1MEMO 20250127 • TakeNode 6d6fca2e-014c-40cf-8110-725b267c0b0e • URL michelvanderburg.com/2025/01/27/
Purification Islets in Iodixanol-UWS • Leiden Start 1996 • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • @1MEMO 20250126_1 • TakeNode c2a26daf-2c4f-4051-931d-16babc872c82
August 1995, I started designing the clinical promising islet purification solution of Iodixanal in UW-Solution (UWS). I mixed Optiprep – a 60 % solution of iodixanol in water – with a 2-times concentrated UWS, to prepare this density gradient solution. The first standard operation procedure of this Iodixanol-UWS gradient for our pig islet isolation research was completed November 1995.
This purification solution was a logical follow-up of our highly succesful Percoll-UWS density gradient — a similar solution of impermeants (that do not readily enter cells) with similar osmolarity (close to that of the tissue) , more practical though, and with the important advantage that iodixanol is clinical tested. The Leiden Islet Lab had just moved into the Surgery Lab of the new LUMC building, and the islet team had grown, focussing on xenotransplantation. With more people isolating pig islets, more convenient solutions were tried.
Both Percoll-UWS and and the more convenient Histopaque-UWS were being used from 1992 for small scale islet isolations from juvenile pig pancreases.
July 1996, I introduced the Optiprep-UWS gradient to replace our Percoll-UWS gradient for larger scale porcine islet isolations , in comparison with the Histopaque gradient.
This work was first presented September 1997, both in this poster presented at the Xenotransplantation Congress in Nantes (France) and later that month also in a talk at the 6th Congress of the International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association (IPITA) in Milan (Italy) — presentations that will be online at this site soon.
Notes
Van der Burg MPM, Basir I, Bouwman E. Non-traumatic porcine islet density gradient purification in a novel iodixanol in University of Wisconsin solution. The 4th Int. Congress for Xenotransplantation, Nantes (France) Sept. 7–11, 1997.
Update 20250128 – update intro design timeline
Citation info : Purification Islets in Iodixanol-UWS • Leiden Start 1996 • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • @1MEMO 20250126 • URL michelvanderburg.com/2025/01/26/
DRI Dream Team • Miami 1998 • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • 20250105_1 • TakeNode e6258505-55a8-4365-bb70-7a1dcd7b5426
Team up with researchers at the Diabetes Research Institute in Miami , working on human islet transplantation (1).
“For National Geographic” announced Camillo Ricordi for fun, that Monday , April 27th in 1998 at the Diabetes Research Institute, when the DRI islet isolation team posed in GMP outfit for this picture (2) — with Elina Linetsky on the left , and me standing second from right — taken after finishing our human islet isolation work, including islet purification in the iodixanol gradient in UW-Solution (3).
Notes
1) Working visit April – May 1998 at the “fast track” center of the Diabetes Research Institute (Scientific director Prof. C. Ricordi, MD) of the University of Miami (Miami, FL, USA)
2) Blown up image (from small GIF online in the early DRInet days), taken through a reflecting window.
3) Human Islet Purification Miami 1998 • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • 20181102 • URL michelvanderburg.com/2018/11/02/
Citation info : DRI Dream Team • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • @1MEMO 20250105 • URL michelvanderburg.com/2025/01/05/
Efficacy of the novel iodixanol-UWS density gradient for human islet purification • Igls Aidspit 1999 • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • 20241202_1
I started an archive at Archive.org November 11, 2010 with this slideshow (pdf) of my January 1999 oral presentation in Igls (Innsbruck), Austria, at the 18th Workshop of the AIDSPIT (Artificial Insulin Delivery Systems, Pancreas and Islet Transplantation) Study Group. (Now known as AIDPIT).
The presented results of this innovative islet purification method — developed over nearly 10 years (from 1989) in our Leiden islet laboratory (LUMC) — were the outcome of work I had done spring 1998 with the human islet transplantation group of Camillo Ricordi at the Diabetes Research Institute in Miami , Florida, USA.
Slideshow (pdf) Archive.org
Description
Efficacy of the novel iodixanol-UWS density gradient for human islet purification • Igls Aidspit 1999
Slides oral presentation Michel van der Burg, Aidspit meeting 25 Jan 1999, in Igls, Austria
Van der Burg MPM, Ranuncoli A, Molano R, Kirlew T, Ringers J, Bouwman E, Ricordi C. Efficacy of the novel iodixanol-UWS density gradient for human islet purification. 18th Workshop Aidspit, Igls (Austria) Jan. 24-26, 1999
Program : 18TH WORKSHOP OF THE AIDSPIT STUDY GROUP – JANUARY 24-26, 1999 – IGLS/AUSTRIA . MONDAY, JAN 25, 1999 – KONGRESSHAUS IGLS, MAIN LECTURE HALL SESSION 2 – ISLET ISOLATION AND TRANSPLANTATION CHAIRMEN:K. FEDERLIN, GIESSEN, GERMANY – G. POZZA, MILAN, ITALY 9.00 – 10.30 FREE COMMUNICATIONS 9.45- Efficacy of the novel iodixanol-UWS density gradient for human islet purification. Van der Burg MPM, Ranuncoli A, Molano R, Kirlew T, Ringers J, Bouwman E, Ricordi C; Leiden, The Netherlands and Miami, USA
File : mvdb19990118_1534_AIDSPIT.pdf | Uploaded 20101111 and replaced by the same pdf with updated metadata of the document on 20101112 (see Notes section).
The slideshow video embedded below, was first posted in 2018 as Human Islet Purification Miami 1998 • 20181102
Notes
The slideshow pdf file is available for download at Archive.org. I advise against the other download options presented by Archive.org , which do not correctly represent the slideshow.
Van der Burg MPM, Ranuncoli A, Molano R, Kirlew T, Ringers J, Bouwman E, Ricordi C. Efficacy of the novel iodixanol-UWS density gradient for human islet purification (Abstract). Acta Diabetol 1998; 35: 247.
Citation info (this post) : Efficacy of the novel iodixanol-UWS density gradient for human islet purification • Igls Aidspit 1999 • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • 20241202 • URL michelvanderburg.com/2024/12/02/
Pancreatic Islet Transplantation • Isolation & Transplantation of Islets of Langerhans • 1988 to early 1990s • Islet Transplant Laboratory • Leiden University Hospital • 20240912_1 (Note 1)
Grants
In 1988, we started a project with unique integration of two important trends in research into the treatment of diabetes by transplantation at the Leiden University Hospital (AZL) in Leiden, with major grants from the dutch Ministry of Welfare, Health and Culture (WVC) and the dutch Diabetes Fund (Diabetes Fonds Nederland).
Grants diabetes research • Newspaper Leidsch Dagblad, June 24, 1988 (Note 2)
The generous grants were received — as reported June 24, 1988 in both the dutch newspaper Leidsch Dagblad (2) and in Cicero, the biweekly publication of the Leiden Medical Faculty and University Hospital (3), as a result of our preliminary research over the previous five years into improving the technique of pancreas transplantation, and more recently the development of a technique for isolating the Islets of Langerhans from the pancreas, which produce hormones such as insulin. The idea behind this is, that these isolated islets, after injection into the body, will restart and maintain insulin production.
Questions
What is the consequence of the loss of normal nerve connections to the islets during transplantation? What are the consequences of transplantation of only a segment of the pancreas, or islet transplantation, when fewer islets are available? What is the consequence after transplantation of the different insulin drainage route, where the insulin does not follow the normal path directly to the liver? To what extent do transplantation procedures disrupt the normal architecture and interactions of islets, the pancreas, and other parts of the gastro-intestinal system, and the blood sugar regulation in the body?
Project
With the hope of answering these questions, the grants supported an ambitious new project supervised by Hein Gooszen, integrating two concomitant PhD projects for detailed islet function studies in both experimental pancreas transplantation, by Onno Guicherit (4) , as well as islet isolation by Michel van der Burg (5) in the same model.
A special feature of the experimental design in this preclinical model is that the results of functional studies in the experimental animal can be compared with such functional studies with the isolated islets from the pancreas, where the direct effect on the islets is investigated during perifusion tests in our laboratory (6).
That same month, June 1988, we began research to improve the method of islet isolation in our laboratory, with the assistance of Jane Field, who had come over that month at our invitation from Minneapolis, where she was a key member of the Surgical Research lab, University of Minnesota (led by David Sutherland).
The introduction of this Minneapolis method for islet isolation significantly improved the yield of isolated islets in our Islet Transplant Lab.
New concept : University of Wisconsin solution (UWS) for islet isolation
Next , early 1989 , our Islet Transplant Lab took a major step forward in a new approach to isolation and purification of the islets by replacing the islet isolation solution (the general used basic physiological salt solution or tissue culture solution) with a novel organ preservation solution : the University of Wisconsin solution (UWS). The method of choice nowadays in clinical islet transplantation centers. More on this introduction of UWS will soon be posted here. A reprint of a first poster presented in Minneapolis, Sep. 1989, is now online here (7).
Program
June 1989 our Surgery Department (Leiden University) started an additional project, for ‘auto’ transplantation of isolated islets : Isolation of the islets from the canine pancreas and transplantation of the isolated islets ca 4 hours later in the same animal (8).
Thus, from 1989, we studied the insulin secretion of the isolated islets in perifusion experiments in the laboratory (‘in vitro’) in comparison with both the islet function ‘in vivo’ after transplantation of the isolated islets, and in the concomitant pancreas transplantation experiments — in support of our clinical pancreas transplantation program in Leiden.
Notes
1) Pancreatic Islet Transplantation • Isolation & Transplantation of Islets of Langerhans • 1988 to early 1990s • Islet Transplant Laboratory • Leiden University Hospital • 20240912_1 • michelvanderburg•com | TakeNode 5b5ca362-2adf-497a-b2be-a83e47617017 | Image edit based on : Pancreatic islet transplantation • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media • Thesis Repository Leiden University https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3486604
Captions in Note 9
2) Subsidie voor onderzoek suikerziekte. Leidsch Dagblad, June 24, 1988 (leiden.courant.nu) • 20240912_2 • michelvanderburg•com
3) Diabetesonderzoek | AZL krijgt grote subsidies voor diabetesonderzoek | by Sylvia van Leeuwen in Cicero, June 24th, 1988 (ISSN 0920-2900), the biweekly publication of the Academic Hospital and Leiden Medical Faculty | 20240912_3 • michelvanderburg•com | Download PDF article below : file 20240912_3_CICERO
4) Onno R. Guicherit. Long-term metabolic sequelae of beta cell mass reduction, systemic venous drainage and denervation of the canine pancreas : experimental studies in relation to clinical pancreas transplantation. (Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) , Leiden University)(S.l.: s.n.), (ISBN print: 9789090072319, 9090072314), 1994: 149 p. URL WorldCat https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/69433794
5) Michael P.M. van der Burg. Pancreatic islet transplantation: studies on the technique and efficacy of islet isolation and transplantation. (Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) , Leiden University), Boskoop: M.P.M. van der Burg | Miracles.Media (ISBN electronic, pdf, 9789080216402 ; ISBN print 9789080216419, 9080216410), 1994: 192 p. URL Thesis Repository Leiden University https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3486604
9) Pancreatic Islet Transplantation • Isolation & Transplantation of Islets of Langerhans 1988 to early 1990s • Islet Transplant Laboratory • Leiden University Hospital • 20240912_1 • michelvanderburg•com | TakeNode 5b5ca362-2adf-497a-b2be-a83e47617017 |
Captions Image 20240912_1 :
1. Paul Langerhans
2. Section of the normal dog pancreas showing islets stained reddish-brown (immunostained for insulin)
3. Michel van der Burg, watching the dog islet isolation procedure in the Minneapolis surgical research laboratory (University of Minnesota), September 1989, with Philippe Morel and Pericles Tzardis
4. Experimental Surgery Laboratory in Leiden, June 1988, with (left to right) Hein Gooszen, Jane Field (Minneapolis), and Onno Guicherit, starting the surgical procedure for canine islet isolation
5. The pancreas (segment) is removed
6. Islet Transplant Laboratory in Leiden, at the start of islet isolation, with infusion of the collagenase solution via the ducts in the dog pancreas (whole gland for islet transplantation) – collagenase leaking from the pancreas is recirculated using a roller pump
7. During collagenase digestion at 37-39°C the pancreas falls apart, shown here in a low magnification microscopy image of pancreatic exocrine tissue, and a free-ed small blood vessel
8. Dissociated pancreatic tissue, on ice
9. Tissue is further dispersed in the cold isolation solution (here RPMI tissue culture solution is used), by aspiration in a syringe, and sieved to remove undigested fragments, ducts and vessels ~ demonstrated here by Jane Field (Minneapolis), with the introduction of the Minneapolis isolation procedure, June 1988, in our Islet Transplant Laboratory in Leiden
10. Microscopy of tissue suspension, with a low purity of the islets (stained red by dithizone) obtained by density separation in Dextran gradients (in Hanks’ solution) after islet isolation in the RPMI tissue culture solution (dark-brown exocrine fragments remain unstained)
11. Pure islet suspension obtained by density separation in Percoll gradients (in University of Wisconsin solution) after islet isolation in the University of Wisconsin solution (islets are only slightly stained due to poor diffusion over the cell membrane in the preservation solution)
12. Section of highly purified islets obtained by Dextran density separation after isolation in the University of Wisconsin solution
13. Islets are autotransplanted by infusion in the spleen of the dog
14. Transplanted islet in section of the spleen of one of the dogs shortly after the onset of fasting hyperglycemia at three months posttransplant (immunostained for insulin), 1989
15. Highly purified human islets obtained by Percoll density separation after isolation in the University of Wisconsin solution (immunostained with gold for insulin; not counterstained), July 1990
Pancreatic islet transplantation • Michel van der Burg • Miracles.Media | QR code (link to Thesis Repository Leiden University) https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3486604
Citation info : Pancreas & Islet Transplantation Program • 20240912 | Michel van der Burg | michelvanderburg•com
“Breakthrough in research into treatment of diabetics. Discovery by doctors of Leiden University Hospital” …headlines the Dutch newspaper ‘Leidsch Dagblad’ (1).
The dutch newspaper ‘Leidsch Dagblad’ reports October 24, 1989, on a breakthrough in the treatment of diabetic patients…successful transplantation of the insulin producing ‘islets’ in dogs, after isolation of the islets using the UW organ storage solution (UWS)
The first successful transplant June 13, 1989 was a big step. Generally multiple pancreases are needed for an adequate number of purified islets for one transplant. Here the dog’s pancreas was used for the isolation of islets, that were injected back in the animals’ spleen.
‘The breakthrough in the research came when Van der Burg came up with the idea of using the UW organ storage solution — developed several years ago at the University of Wisconsin — for the preservation of the islets. This turned out to yield good results. The yield of pure islets could be increased using this method.’
Cicero
News based on story published Sep. 15th, 1989 by journalist Sylvia Van Leeuwen in Cicero, the biweekly publication of the Academic Hospital and Leiden Medical Faculty (2).
Ploeg, Gooszen and Van der Burg (left to right) discuss the achieved results, Monday Sep 4, 1989 at the Department of Surgery, University Hospital Leiden. Photo Tejo Ringers • 20240830_2 • michelvanderburg•com • TakeNode 3fc69a06-04bf-4f0d-bc77-cedb6d7b7f75
One more thing
We reported long-term function of the islet transplants (3,4). Failure after 3.5 years of a well-functioning islet transplant is puzzling. Nowadays, in clinical islet transplantation, failure of long-term functioning grafts in diabetic patients is still puzzling. Therefore, note (data not published before), that body weight of this autografted animal had increased to almost 150%, from 12.5 kg at the time of islet transplantation, to 18.0 kg at the time of graft failure 3.5 years later (Dec. 1992) — obviously, with an increased insulin demand that may have contributed to graft failure.
Notes
1) Doorbraak in onderzoek naar behandeling suikerpatiënten. Ontdekking door artsen Leids Academisch Ziekenhuis. (EN tr. “Breakthrough in research into treatment of diabetics. Discovery by doctors of Leiden University Hospital”) | by Gert Visser, in Leidsch Dagblad, Oct 24, 1989 | Dutch newspaper, URL https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LD/1989-10-24/edition/0/page/15
The background in the image here (20240830_1), is the original color slide of the ‘Islets of Langerhans’ showing in the newspaper.
2) ‘Eilandjes’ getransplanteerd | by Sylvia van Leeuwen in Cicero, Sep. 15th, 1989 (ISSN 0920-2900), the biweekly publication of the Academic Hospital and Leiden Medical Faculty | 20240830_3 • michelvanderburg•com Download PDF article, file 20240830_3_CICERO
4) Van der Burg MPM, Guicherit OR, Jansen JBMJ, Frölich M, Lamers CBHW, Lemkes HHPJ, Bruijn JA, Gooszen HG. Function and survival of intrasplenic islet autografts in dogs. Diabetologia 39, 37–44 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00400411
5) Van der Burg MPM, Gooszen HG, Ploeg RJ, Guicherit OR, Scherft JP, Terpstra JL, Bruijn JA, Frölich M. Pancreatic islet isolation with UW solution: a new concept. 4th Congress of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, Barcelona (Spain) November 1–4, 1989.
6) The islet transplant news was first reported by me at an invited lecture July 8, 1989 for the Anglo Danish Dutch Diabetes Group meeting in St Edmund Hall, University of Oxford, Oxford (UK) : Van der Burg MPM, Gooszen HG, Scherft JP, Terpstra JL, Frölich M, Guicherit OR, Lemkes HHPJ, Bruijn JA. The isolation of canine pancreatic islets for transplantation. Seventh Annual Meeting Anglo Danish Dutch Diabetes Group, Oxford (UK) July 5–9, 1989.
7) Leiden Islet Laboratory History • 20240803 | Michel van der Burg | michelvanderburg•com
Citation info : Islet Transplantation Breakthrough in Leiden University Hospital • 20240830 • Michel van der Burg • michelvanderburg•com
